Vaporizer for internal-combustion engines.



H. s. GRiESBACH. VAPORIZEH FOR iNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. I7; 1911.

PatentedJ 11119 8, 1915.

LMEQJ GQQQ 5 SHEETSSHEET 1- VEN TOR.

H. s, GRIESBACH; VAPORIZER FOR iNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV 12', 191i.

Patented June 8, 1915.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2- H/ ATTORNEY FACT.

H. S. GRIESBACH. VAPORIZER FOR lNTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FI LED NUV. I7, 1911' Patented June 8, 1915 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3- IN VENTOR Q g Ra HHHMNH H. S. GRIESBACH. VAPORIZER FOR INTERNAL comsusnow ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED NOV.17, 1911.

Patentd June 8, 1915.

5 SHEETSSHEET 4- VENT OR. QQMV H. s. GRIESBACH. VAPQRIZER FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

APPLICATION IILED NOV. 17, 19H.

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\ 1/ m I Q .J X$ S M I BY H18 ATTORNEY IN FACT HENRY SINGLETON GRIESBACH, OF CHISWICK, ENGLAND.

VAPORIZER FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 8, 1915.

Application filed November 17, 1911. Serial N 0. 660,874.

To all whom z't may concern Be it known that I, HENRY SINGLETON (hansnaei-r, subject ofthe King of Great Britain, residing at 18. River-view Grove, Chiswick, lvliddlesex, England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Vaporizers for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a spccification.

rangements for the heavier fuel which can be fitted to internal combustion 'engines adapted for use with lighter fuel Without any substantial. structural alteration in the design of the engine, at the same time en abling the engine to be operated under the most cliicient conditions as regards compression regardless of whether the engine is beingslqiplied with heavy or light fuel.

Internal combustion engines adapted to bc operated by liquid fuels of different, character as regards the degree of temperature required to eli'cct volatilization and otherwise are now well known in the art, but it is found in practicedillicult'to transform an engine constructed for use with one fuel in such a manner-as to render it capable of bein operated by a di'li'erentfuel without a considerable alteration in the general design aiulconstruction of theengine, aud, furthermore, the greater tcmperathre required to vaporize heavy hydrocarbon fuel. such as petroleum, compared with lightcr fuels, such as petrol, render those engines in which the heat necessary for the vaporization of the heavy fuel is obtained from the exhaust gases of the engine as is usual inetlicient and unsatisfactory in operation.

According to the present invention the vaporizing device employed when the engine is operated by heavy fuel is so located as to obtain the heat necessary for vaporization directly from the cylinder or combustion chamber of the engine and to thereby utilize the high temperature existing in the latter.

A. further feature of the invention consists in the special arrangement and construction of the vaporizing device which comprises essentially a. tubular member 10- catcd within a portion of the combustion space of the cylinder, the tubular member constituting a conduit through which the heavy liquid fuel passes on its Way to the cylinder or cylinders of the engine. By so proportioning and locating the tubular vaporizing memberthe passage of the comlmstiblc liquid therethrough may be utilized to reduce the temperature existing in that portion of .the combustion space of the cylinder in. which the tubular member is located.

by tram 'erring the heat from the interior of the combustion space to the liquid fuel through the walls of thetubular men'iber. By this means not only is the heat in the combustion chamber utilized for vaporizationpurposes but the withdrawal of heat from the combustion space serves to maintain the latter at a. lower temperature than would otherwise obtain in this space, there.- by enabling a higher degree of compression to be employedsin the cylinder without risk of pro-ignition. The vaporizer is also so constructed and attachedto the cylinder of the engine as to provide the necessary increase in the volume of the compression space when heavy fuel is employed, and the vaporizer can readily be attached to a standard type of engine.

In order that the nature of the invention may be clearly understood it will now bedescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings, of which i igurel is a view in front elevation partly diagrammatic illustrating a four-cylinder internal combustion engine provided with one form of vaporizing apparatus constructed in'accordaiuwe with the invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional view illustrating onan enlarged scale the construction of a single vaporizer of the engine shown in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 being a view in sectional elevation on the line TII-TIT of Fig. 2. Fig. 4C is a view similar to Fig. 3 illustrating a modified. form of vaporizer which may be employed. Fig. 5 is a fragmental view of a portion of the engine showing the vaporizer illustrated in Fig. 4 mounted in position; Fig. 6 a view similar to Figs. 3 and 4 illustrating a further modification in which means of attachment to the cylinder of the engine, F 10 being a sectional view on the line X-X of Fig. Fig. 11 is a view similar to Fig. l but illustrating partly in section a further modification in which all the Vaporizers of the engine are arranged to be cooled by a common water jacket.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, the internal combustion engine comprises four cylinders indicated at l, 2, 3, 4t the inlet ports of which are connected to a common induction pipe 0. The latter is connected through an air valve 6 of any suitable type to a pipe 7 leading to the last of a number of Vaporizers S, 9, 10, 1]., each of which is mounted on the top of one of the cylinders of theengine. The vaporizer-s 8, 9, 10, 11 are connected in series with one another to av carburetor 12 through a regulating valve 13. The construction and location of each of the vaporize'rs will be more readily understood from a reference to Figs..2 and 8 of the drawings, in which the vaporizer is indicated as comprising an outer casing 14 having ribs 1.5 on its external surface for the purpose of radiating heat. The casing 14; is provided with a nipple 16 which is screwed into a threaded plug or cap at the top of the cylinder, so that the interior 1? of the casing 14: is in free communication with its corresponding cylinder and forms a portion of the combustion chamber of the engine. A tube 18 having thin walls of copper or other suitable material passes through the interior of the casing 14: and is continued through the casings of all the Vaporizers of the engine as shown in Fig. 1. One side of each of the casings 14!: is pro-- vided with a hole 19 in which a sparking plug or other ignition device (not shown in the drawings) is secured. The operation of this form of the apparatus is as :toll0ws:

a The mixture comprising atomized petroleum and air drawn through the regulating valve 13 during the suction strbke of the engine passes through the pipefl8 which is surrounded by the vaporizer casings. The petroleum is vaporized by the heat due to the explosions in the several cylinders and after leaving the last vaporizer 11 passes through the air valve 6 where it is mixed with. a. suitable proportion ofatniospheric air finally passing to the'cylinders through the inlet ports. The construction of the va- I porizers is such that, as will be readily seen from the drawings, the nipple of each va} porizer 1s screwed into the hole usually occupied by the sparking plugwhen the engine is intended to operate with petrol or other light hydrocarbon fuel, and an engine normally constructed for operation with petrol may thus be readily converted for use with heavy hydrocarbon fuels by removing the sparking plugs and replacing these by the vaporizer casings. The space within the ture which, as above stated, is below that required for ignition at the degree of compression which is obtained. Owing to the uniformity in the cross-sectional area of the space separating the tubular vaporizer member and the vaporizer chamber surrounding it, local overheating of any portion of the chamber is prevented and a frequent cause of pro-ignition thereby avoided.

It will be apparent that a substantially constant vaporization will be obtained in operation due to the fact that the mixture of atomized petroleum and air drawn in through the regulating valve must of necessity be subjected to the maximum temperature obtaining in one or other of the four cylinders.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the vertical height of the engine is somewhat increased by the addition of the vaporizers and in cases where this is undesirable the vaporizer casings may be constructed as shown in Figs. 4: and 5 in which it will be seen that the vertical height of the engine is only very slightly increased by the addition of the Vaporizers since the portion of the vaporizer surrounding the tube 18 is on one side or the other of the nipple 16 instead of being vertically above'the latter.

In some cases it may be desirable to employ water-cooling jackets for the Vaporizers in which case the form of vaporizer illustrated in Fig. 6 may be employed. In this construction a spacefor the cooling Water is provided with sinlet and outlet ports 20, 21 respectively.

Referringhow to Figs. 7 and 8, a.modificd form of the invention is illustrated, in Y operate the latter with heavy hydrocarbon fuel a 'special cover is provided which contains the vaporizer casings for all the cylinders of the engine and which replaces the cover ordinarily employed when operating the engine Withlighter fuel. The construc- -tion shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is suitable for" use with a two-cylinder engine and comprises a casting 22 containing two vaporizer chambers 23, 24 which communicate with the cylinders of the engine by means of exteriorly threaded tubular members 25, 26 projecting through the base of the casting 22 and being adapted to maintain the same in eiiicient relation to the cylinder by means of nuts 27, the base of the casting adjacent to the tubular members being provided with ground or machined surfaces for the pur-' pose of insuring a tight joint. The vaporiz ing tubes 18 are arranged transversely across the casting with the vaporizing chambers and are connected to one another in any suitable manner so that the mixture of petroleum or other heavy hydrocarbon fuel and air passes through the vaporizing tubes simultaneously or successively prior to being further diluted with air and admitted to the cylinder-sol the engine.

Referring now to Figs.- 9 and 10, a modified construction is illustrated in which the nipples 16 of the Vaporizers are provided with externally coned surfaces adapted to enter corresponding internally coned. surfaces in plugs or bushings 28 fitted to the top of the cylinder, the vaporizer-s being held in place by a forked clamping member 29, the lower ends of which engage with pins 30 on the plugs 28, the upper part of each clamping member 29 being provided with screws 31 by means of which the coned surfaces on the va ')orizer nipple l6 and the plug 28 may be held Ermly in contact with one another.

As will be readily understood by the use of this construction the Vaporizers can be '01 the cyinders of the engine being in this case located within a cylinder easing surrounding all, the cylinders.

in orderto avoid the necessity of detaching and removing the Vaporizers from. theengine when it is intended to operate the lat-.

ter by means of light hydrocarbon fuel aliter it has been operating \\'llll a hcavicr 'l'uel,

ing understood that the sparking plugs are inthis case located on the cylinder side of the plug cocks or valves.

It will be understood that the invention is not limited to any particular type of regu lating mechanism for controlling the amount or richness of the mixture supplied to the Vaporizers or to the engine, for instance, instead of regulating the amount of air admitted to the vaporizer by hand, automatic means such 'as a spring-controllod valve adapted to vary the amount of air admitted to the engine either in accordan e with its speed or with the degree of'suction may be provided. Moreover it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the pan ticular construction described for the vaporizer or to its location and various modifications may be made without exceeding the scope of the invention.

What I claim is:-

1. 'In combination with an internal cont bustion engine, a detachable cylindrical vaporizer having a spark plug aperture formed therein. a thin tubular member extendingcoaXially through said vaporizer, and a nipple formed on the vaporizer adapted to be screwed into the spark plug opening of the engine cylinder.

2. In combination with the cylinders of a multi-cylindcr internal combustion engine, a separate casing detachably secured to each cylinder of the engine with its interior communicating with the interior of the engine cylinder, and a vaporizer tube passing through all of said casings and exposed between adjacent casings.

'3. In combination with the separate cylindcrs oia multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, separate casings detachably secured to each cylinder with the interior of ach casing communicating with the interior of the engine cylinder on which it is mountcd, a water jacket for ings, a vaporizer tube passing through all of said casings aml exposed to the temperature of the water jacket between adjacent casings.

ln t-estin'iony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

llENRY' SlNtih TON llltl ESllACll. lVitnesses A. A. lh-znulN,

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